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The team had an agonizing start, losing 17–0 to Russia in a 1993 unofficial friendly. An unimpressed correspondent in the Egyptian Mail newspaper wrote of the players:

Their bucksome blubbery bodies played havoc, with their running becoming turtle-paced. And the crowd shouted at them to go back home.

After some development, the Cleopatras made their official debut in the 1998 African Championship after beating Uganda in the qualifying round. They lost all three group-stage matches, scoring two total goals.

In 2012 they made their fourth appearance in the African Championship's qualifiers. They were knocked out by Ethiopia.

Egypt qualified for the 2016 Women's Africa Cup of Nations after beating Ivory Coast which was considered an upset as Ivory Coast had competed in the 2015 Women's World Cup. At the tournament, Egypt lost 2–0 to Cameroon and 5–0 to South Africa but were able to snatch their first victory against Zimbabwe thanks to a goal by Salma Tarik.

Egypt did not enter the qualification rounds to the 2019 World Cup nor the 2018 Women's Africa Cup of Nations. The team failed to qualify for the 2022 Women's Africa Cup of Nations.

As of 21 August 2023, the team was ranked 88th in the world by FIFA.